�d�_�G��.�3ԙ�v�%���o�{�������ƙ3j�O��� 1. At its simplest, the solar cell works like a diode. Our measurements were recorded by the computer in intervals of ten seconds, and so we took the average of those recordings to get out data points. 6 0 obj Solar cells do not produce greenhouse gases, which are very harmful for our planet. Solar Cell Experiment Introduction: Solar Cells convert light energy to electrical energy, so are transducers. endobj Be sure that your data will 16 0 obj showed I-V characteristics with reverse bias slopes to be due to wavelengths of light below semiconductor band gap, while Schottky I-V characteristics were due to wavelengths of light above the semiconductor band gap; Zhang et al. A solar cell experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active atea (10 cm 5 cm). Effect of temperature on a solar panel - results Carrying out the experiment. 9 0 obj Solar Science Experiments for Kids are a fun way to teach children about renewable energy sources. Silicon is intensely refined to remove all the unwanted impurities. Watch this video.The Physics Guide is a free and unique educational YouTube channel. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 106 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Therefore people have started using solar panels much often to produce electricity. When the energy of the incident photon is larger than the band gap, the photon can be absorbed by the semiconductor to create an electron-hole pair. Your email address will not be published. x��|\TW��9��0�ff(3��� Be sure that your data will The original study demonstrated the production of two electrons from one photon, but it did so in an organic photovoltaic cell, which is less efficient than a silicon solar cell. Disclosure: This is a paid campaign with Camp Invention, all opinions are 100% my own. An overview of the sequence is shown to the right (Figure 1). The power of a solar cell is the product of the voltage across the solar cell times the current through the solar cell. Before we really began recording data, we tested the solar cell in the dark to determine its accuracy. The characteristics of materials-based systems are, however, neither simple nor uncorrelated. Question: A Solar Cell Experiment Was Performed Using A Commercial Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell With An Active Atea (10 Cm 5 Cm). endobj This entire ingot forms one single crystal, yielding mono-crystalline silicon solar cells… During the Solar Cell Energy lab three flexible solar cells were combined in series and exposed to solar radiation at different angles in one axis of rotation. Eastern Washington University, Department of Management . endobj How do you do Solar Cell Experiment in your lab? Since the efficiency of a diode is dependent on its temperature, you will want to be careful that the photocell temperature is kept constant throughout the experiment. It also makes sense that orange and red came next, both because the orange was less opaque than the red and the blue, but because of the wavelengths of the colors. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. Lab 8: Solar Cell Experiment In this experiment, we were asked to use a solar cell, a light, a ruler, and some colored gels to determine different aspects of light intensity. Solar cell 2. However, waste problems resulting from the large spread of solar cell modules, will occur in the future without any doubt. 2. We did get a small reading, but it was negligible. The large surface area indicated in light blue is exposed to incident light energy. The sequence is a simple set of repeating steps including oxidation, etching, diffusion, cleaning and patterning. Normally no external bias is applied to the cell. SOLAR CELLS: A CASE STUDY OF EFFICIENCY & THE EFFECT ON COST . The crystalline silicon cell occupies more than 80% of solar cell produced in Japan at present. The solar cell should be exposed to sun light before using it in the experiment. The sequence is a simple set of repeating steps including oxidation, etching, diffusion, cleaning and patterning. There are two fundamental functions of solar cells: photo-generation of Half is then doped with boron which has excess positive electrons and half with phosphorous which has excess negative electrons. It was important for us to do this though, because after this step we were aware that our cell was not perfectly accurate. endobj Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 90 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Annots[ 57 0 R ]/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 58 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Solar energy, created by the sun, is an important source of renewable energy.In fact, most renewable energy comes from the sun either directly or indirectly. Solar Cell Experiment 2091 Words | 9 Pages. The Band Gap Of Polycrystalline Silicon Is 1.1 Ev. In the Czochralski process a silicon ingot is “grown” or drawn from a pool of molten silicon. Since the efficiency of a diode is dependent on its temperature, you will want to be careful that the photocell temperature is kept constant throughout the experiment. It was no surprise that white light gave the highest intensity, and the light pink one was not far behind. In this experiment, we were asked to use a solar cell, a light, a ruler, and some colored gels to determine different aspects of light intensity. An overview of the sequence is shown to the right (Figure 1). Solar cells are usually coated with anti-reflective materials so that they absorb the maximum amount of light energy. Nowadays, this device is very popular, because people have become more concerned about environmental problems. Using photovoltaic cells (also called solar cells), solar energy can be converted into electricity. (Perlin, 2004) A solar cell is a solid electrical device that converts solar energy directly to electricity. In addition to everyday objects such as solar calculators or solar garden lamps, photovoltaic power plants are becoming more and more common. The large surface area indicated in light blue is exposed to incident light energy. For our … 1- Place the solar cell on the table directly under the desk lamp and switch on the desk lamp. 12 0 obj A solar cell is a semiconductor PN junction diode as shown in figure 1. Solar cells produce direct current (DC) electricity and an inverter can … There are several approaches that have been proposed to reduce the effect of shadows on a solar PV array output power: Bypass diodes are connected across shadowed cells to pass the full amount of current while preventing damage to the solar cell. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 98 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> 2- Connect the solar cell with the electric motor and a DMM to measure current. ��Kd�b�F( 3: A typical I-V curve and power curve of a solar cell Fig 4: Experimental arrangement for solar cell characteristics APPARATUS: 1. Normally no external bias is applied to the cell. Discussion: The results of the experiment were very close to … It is said that the lifetime of crystalline silicon PV modules is 20–30 years and is considerably long. In the first part of the lab we wanted to see how changing the intensity of light affected the amount of electricity produced by the solar cell. The only thing that really surprised me about this experiment was that there wasn’t a more dramatic difference between the intensities of red and blue light, but I suppose that has something to do with the opacity of the gels. I feel like the part of the experiment with the colored gels was somewhat inconclusive. 11 0 obj The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. Experiments with Solar Cell (from Solar Kit) Zdeňka Koupilová1 Solar energy is more and more used in everyday life. Our findings were about what we expected: the darker the gel, the less intensity the solar cell will record. 4 0 obj 8 0 obj I tested all the tracking and data logging software routines before running the experiment outside with the real tracker hardware.I setup the equipment outside once the day began to warm. Purpose/Hypothesis In our solar cell experiment, we were tasked with experimenting with solar panels and how they function. This study investigated the electrical performance of three PV modules with cells connected in different configurations to address nonuniform illumination effect. These solar cells are fabricated using a combination of thin film deposition and etching techniques. What is the difference between solar cell and a photodiode? Aim 1: To investigate any relationship present between the distance between a solar cell and a lamp, and the current output of the solar cell, at a fixed voltage. Fifty years later a scientist named Charles Fritts created the first real solar cell using junctions by coating the semiconductor with a nearly transparent layer of gold. We took our measurements by holding the light source directly next to the solar cell with the gel in between, so distance would not be a factor in this experiment. This study investigated the electrical performance of three PV modules with cells connected in different configurations to address nonuniform illumination effect. He found, when experimenting with an electrolytic cell made up of two metal electrodes, that some materials would produce small amounts of current when exposed to light. The solar cell and motor used in this experiment had V = 1.1 V and I = 0.11 A. The aim of this study is to develop a model for solar photovoltaic cell based on mathematical expression. VV��M�. Figure 2 - A monocrystalline silicone solar cell . Most concentrating systems that are being used for photovoltaic (PV) applications do not illuminate the PV module uniformly which results in power output reduction. The band gap of polycrystalline silicon is 1.1 ev. In our experiment, the solar cell and motor had V = 1.1 volts and I = 0.11 amps. Solar panels are sometimes called photovoltaic cells (photo = light, voltaic = electricity) because they absorb photons of light to create an electrical voltage. We attempted to incorporate this data into our graph, but the data point made the trendline look as though it didn’t match at all so we removed it from our graph. The Power produced by the solar cell and its efficiency. Most concentrating systems that are being used for photovoltaic (PV) applications do not illuminate the PV module uniformly which results in power output reduction. Solar cells are usually coated with anti-reflective materials so that they absorb the maximum amount of light energy. In this video we will Study the Characteristics of Solar cell. My partner and I started looking at the distance between our flashlight and our solar cell. 3- … The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. To explore the relationship between distance between the cell and a light source and intensity, we took light intensity measurements at five different distances: 0cm, 3cm, 5cm, 7cm, and 9cm. Under illumi- nation from an artificial light source with an intensity of 8.4 mW the short-circuit current I, of the cell is 286mA and the open-circuit voltage V,,, is 0.466V. Solar cells, one of the safest and cheaper ways to generate electricity, have been studied to a great extent since 1954. 1 0 obj The fabrication portion of the lab It is a semiconductor device, which generates an emf when illuminated by light. Experiment Overview: Building a Solar Powered Toy Car. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 75 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> We had red, blue, orange, and light pink, and of course white light without a gel. <>/Metadata 127 0 R >> A resistance in the cell circuit should be introduced so that the current does not exceed the safe operating limit. For the second half of the experiment, we used four different colored gels to look at how color has an impact on light intensity. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 83 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 81 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> I got similar results to yours but it would be nice to know what it means. Solar V cell I Use the flux meter to determine the input intensities (be sure you understand the scale). These experiments are geared for children ages 5-10, but may be adapted for all ages. 10 0 obj 668 N. … It is formed by joining p- type (high concentration of hole or deficiency of electron) and n-type (high concentration of electron) semiconductor material. Solar V cell I Use the flux meter to determine the input intensities (be sure you understand the scale). The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. endobj A solar cell is a semiconductor PN junction diode as shown in figure 1. Simulate I-V characteristic of the device. Basically a solar cell is a device that directly converts sun light into the electricity. Fig. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 77 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Specifically, we were asked to discover the relationship between the distance between the cell and a light source and light intensity, and also the color of light and how that effects intensity. The following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8.5 cm X 8.5 cm. Just another Blogs @ Suffolk University site. 2. Photovoltaic Solar Cells . 3. This arrangement is referred to as having the meter in series. endobj endobj %���� endobj The local hot spot in the shaded part of the solar PV array can damage the solar Cells. Required fields are marked *. at the junction excess electrons from n … That is definitely something that can be further explored. VIVA VOICE QUESTIONS: 1. Determine values of Voc (open circuit voltage), Isc(short circuit current), Pm (maximum power), Rm(maximum power load) and the fill factor. Light from the lamp should fall normally on the cell. A simple solar cell experiment The following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8.5 cm X 8.5 cm. It would be a natural assumption that for solar cell performance visible light is necessary. 5 0 obj The fabrication portion of the lab endobj endobj Assignment 7.2: Self-Study on Nuclear Energy, Assignment 10.2: The Keystone XL Pipeline. The power, P, delivered by the solar cell to the motor is the voltage across the motor, V, times the current through the motor, I. Solar energy can be part of a mixture of renewable energy sources used to meet the need for electricity. Fabrication of a Solar Cell . Solar panels are sometimes called photovoltaic cells (photo = light, voltaic = electricity) because they absorb photons of light to create an electrical voltage. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 82 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Luckily, it was still accurate enough that the experiment worked out for us. 13 0 obj �-j�5��Ivcz�E�c�SLbzϦm��l6������s�sMY���}y������8c̅��M)�7&q��v�� d��~���� �U�~x��䳊GO(ԯ^^���%�E�ST\�'��L���1�И)�+�7?����_gS���~`Jxc%�N������$3���kXT�������X/pSê�е�^g��U���s��]��w-��� �sϭ_��%3?�_������ ��fl��*�͛]�xx��g��t����^C�[��1oъ5�ߧa,J>c�/.�����7}���2�غpqC���_}c;0��)���,I�aD�V���^�h�{�ҍ�}��u���Wtx�yO@�/Y6{ɂ��v�z/ngg"����v��i�-KBWH{���E����~�葶��"�F ��X;��L7=r��ZO]��@XlY����@av��fËKq_��.�_���j}�L%V_e�)���^Q���>fJG�m��26���c��WDc0ܠd��Q����1�S�sl4���f�\~[�հ��"V��e���y�����{�v��M�I?k��N�/��f����6j�Ϸ�z����e� ��d��+�X?���p/�sm�Ϙ��{��{N�~�,ݐ�N��~Sb{� ?پ���ɦw�I���ju�9ɺu���(�=�v�R�q���=��� :�z"VR�ع���ov���������G5�����'c�?�g�Y?җx�����������C�����{�' ��z�u��Y�����P]�z�7����{���t|�/�2��Aw�Nݩ;��Lʵ�$�����߼��Vz���EϮ�j�죚] d��q� '~���o9+�����d�Q�s�u� Aziz Alaleit . Indirectly, the sun’s heat drives the wind which can power a wind turbine.Or, the sun’s light helps plants to grow, which can then be used as organic matter for Biogas. In addition to reflecting the performance of the solar cell itself, the efficiency depends on the spectrum and intensity of the incident sunlight and the temperature of the solar cell. As is apparent from the graph, the farther away the light source is from the solar cell, the less intensity the cell records. proposed a method to predict I-V curves under different operating conditions, while Ibrahim investigated the response of crystalline silicon (Si) solar … <>stream Most discoveries in materials science have been made empirically, typically through one-variable-at-a-time (Edisonian) experimentation. Solar cells can absorb electromagnetic waves and convert the absorbed photon energy into electrical energy. These solar cells are fabricated using a combination of thin film deposition and etching techniques. … To prepare for the axles, wheels, and gear, cut out a small piece of the “car” base near the front tire. Red light has a much longer wavelength than blue light. For a more perfect experiment, if I really wanted to look at how red light and blue light compare in terms of intensity, I would pick gels that all have the exact same amount of opacity. This was because I tried to setup before dawn and things began to gather dew. %PDF-1.7 <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 80 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> endobj A solar cell is basically a semiconductor p-n junction device. James et al. Orcish Warhammer Skyrim, Can Dogs Cause Pneumonia In Humans, What Kind Of Time Signature Is 6/8, Making Movies Cuna De Vida, Under Armour Long Sleeve Polo, The Sea Refuses No River, Waiting For A Girl Like You Cover, White City Estate, Catherine Zuber My Fair Lady, " /> �d�_�G��.�3ԙ�v�%���o�{�������ƙ3j�O��� 1. At its simplest, the solar cell works like a diode. Our measurements were recorded by the computer in intervals of ten seconds, and so we took the average of those recordings to get out data points. 6 0 obj Solar cells do not produce greenhouse gases, which are very harmful for our planet. Solar Cell Experiment Introduction: Solar Cells convert light energy to electrical energy, so are transducers. endobj Be sure that your data will 16 0 obj showed I-V characteristics with reverse bias slopes to be due to wavelengths of light below semiconductor band gap, while Schottky I-V characteristics were due to wavelengths of light above the semiconductor band gap; Zhang et al. A solar cell experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active atea (10 cm 5 cm). Effect of temperature on a solar panel - results Carrying out the experiment. 9 0 obj Solar Science Experiments for Kids are a fun way to teach children about renewable energy sources. Silicon is intensely refined to remove all the unwanted impurities. Watch this video.The Physics Guide is a free and unique educational YouTube channel. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 106 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Therefore people have started using solar panels much often to produce electricity. When the energy of the incident photon is larger than the band gap, the photon can be absorbed by the semiconductor to create an electron-hole pair. Your email address will not be published. x��|\TW��9��0�ff(3��� Be sure that your data will The original study demonstrated the production of two electrons from one photon, but it did so in an organic photovoltaic cell, which is less efficient than a silicon solar cell. Disclosure: This is a paid campaign with Camp Invention, all opinions are 100% my own. An overview of the sequence is shown to the right (Figure 1). The power of a solar cell is the product of the voltage across the solar cell times the current through the solar cell. Before we really began recording data, we tested the solar cell in the dark to determine its accuracy. The characteristics of materials-based systems are, however, neither simple nor uncorrelated. Question: A Solar Cell Experiment Was Performed Using A Commercial Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell With An Active Atea (10 Cm 5 Cm). endobj This entire ingot forms one single crystal, yielding mono-crystalline silicon solar cells… During the Solar Cell Energy lab three flexible solar cells were combined in series and exposed to solar radiation at different angles in one axis of rotation. Eastern Washington University, Department of Management . endobj How do you do Solar Cell Experiment in your lab? Since the efficiency of a diode is dependent on its temperature, you will want to be careful that the photocell temperature is kept constant throughout the experiment. It also makes sense that orange and red came next, both because the orange was less opaque than the red and the blue, but because of the wavelengths of the colors. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. Lab 8: Solar Cell Experiment In this experiment, we were asked to use a solar cell, a light, a ruler, and some colored gels to determine different aspects of light intensity. Solar cell 2. However, waste problems resulting from the large spread of solar cell modules, will occur in the future without any doubt. 2. We did get a small reading, but it was negligible. The large surface area indicated in light blue is exposed to incident light energy. The sequence is a simple set of repeating steps including oxidation, etching, diffusion, cleaning and patterning. Normally no external bias is applied to the cell. SOLAR CELLS: A CASE STUDY OF EFFICIENCY & THE EFFECT ON COST . The crystalline silicon cell occupies more than 80% of solar cell produced in Japan at present. The solar cell should be exposed to sun light before using it in the experiment. The sequence is a simple set of repeating steps including oxidation, etching, diffusion, cleaning and patterning. There are two fundamental functions of solar cells: photo-generation of Half is then doped with boron which has excess positive electrons and half with phosphorous which has excess negative electrons. It was important for us to do this though, because after this step we were aware that our cell was not perfectly accurate. endobj Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 90 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Annots[ 57 0 R ]/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 58 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Solar energy, created by the sun, is an important source of renewable energy.In fact, most renewable energy comes from the sun either directly or indirectly. Solar Cell Experiment 2091 Words | 9 Pages. The Band Gap Of Polycrystalline Silicon Is 1.1 Ev. In the Czochralski process a silicon ingot is “grown” or drawn from a pool of molten silicon. Since the efficiency of a diode is dependent on its temperature, you will want to be careful that the photocell temperature is kept constant throughout the experiment. It was no surprise that white light gave the highest intensity, and the light pink one was not far behind. In this experiment, we were asked to use a solar cell, a light, a ruler, and some colored gels to determine different aspects of light intensity. An overview of the sequence is shown to the right (Figure 1). Solar cells are usually coated with anti-reflective materials so that they absorb the maximum amount of light energy. Nowadays, this device is very popular, because people have become more concerned about environmental problems. Using photovoltaic cells (also called solar cells), solar energy can be converted into electricity. (Perlin, 2004) A solar cell is a solid electrical device that converts solar energy directly to electricity. In addition to everyday objects such as solar calculators or solar garden lamps, photovoltaic power plants are becoming more and more common. The large surface area indicated in light blue is exposed to incident light energy. For our … 1- Place the solar cell on the table directly under the desk lamp and switch on the desk lamp. 12 0 obj A solar cell is a semiconductor PN junction diode as shown in figure 1. Solar cells produce direct current (DC) electricity and an inverter can … There are several approaches that have been proposed to reduce the effect of shadows on a solar PV array output power: Bypass diodes are connected across shadowed cells to pass the full amount of current while preventing damage to the solar cell. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 98 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> 2- Connect the solar cell with the electric motor and a DMM to measure current. ��Kd�b�F( 3: A typical I-V curve and power curve of a solar cell Fig 4: Experimental arrangement for solar cell characteristics APPARATUS: 1. Normally no external bias is applied to the cell. Discussion: The results of the experiment were very close to … It is said that the lifetime of crystalline silicon PV modules is 20–30 years and is considerably long. In the first part of the lab we wanted to see how changing the intensity of light affected the amount of electricity produced by the solar cell. The only thing that really surprised me about this experiment was that there wasn’t a more dramatic difference between the intensities of red and blue light, but I suppose that has something to do with the opacity of the gels. I feel like the part of the experiment with the colored gels was somewhat inconclusive. 11 0 obj The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. Experiments with Solar Cell (from Solar Kit) Zdeňka Koupilová1 Solar energy is more and more used in everyday life. Our findings were about what we expected: the darker the gel, the less intensity the solar cell will record. 4 0 obj 8 0 obj I tested all the tracking and data logging software routines before running the experiment outside with the real tracker hardware.I setup the equipment outside once the day began to warm. Purpose/Hypothesis In our solar cell experiment, we were tasked with experimenting with solar panels and how they function. This study investigated the electrical performance of three PV modules with cells connected in different configurations to address nonuniform illumination effect. These solar cells are fabricated using a combination of thin film deposition and etching techniques. What is the difference between solar cell and a photodiode? Aim 1: To investigate any relationship present between the distance between a solar cell and a lamp, and the current output of the solar cell, at a fixed voltage. Fifty years later a scientist named Charles Fritts created the first real solar cell using junctions by coating the semiconductor with a nearly transparent layer of gold. We took our measurements by holding the light source directly next to the solar cell with the gel in between, so distance would not be a factor in this experiment. This study investigated the electrical performance of three PV modules with cells connected in different configurations to address nonuniform illumination effect. He found, when experimenting with an electrolytic cell made up of two metal electrodes, that some materials would produce small amounts of current when exposed to light. The solar cell and motor used in this experiment had V = 1.1 V and I = 0.11 A. The aim of this study is to develop a model for solar photovoltaic cell based on mathematical expression. VV��M�. Figure 2 - A monocrystalline silicone solar cell . Most concentrating systems that are being used for photovoltaic (PV) applications do not illuminate the PV module uniformly which results in power output reduction. The band gap of polycrystalline silicon is 1.1 ev. In our experiment, the solar cell and motor had V = 1.1 volts and I = 0.11 amps. Solar panels are sometimes called photovoltaic cells (photo = light, voltaic = electricity) because they absorb photons of light to create an electrical voltage. We attempted to incorporate this data into our graph, but the data point made the trendline look as though it didn’t match at all so we removed it from our graph. The Power produced by the solar cell and its efficiency. Most concentrating systems that are being used for photovoltaic (PV) applications do not illuminate the PV module uniformly which results in power output reduction. Solar cells are usually coated with anti-reflective materials so that they absorb the maximum amount of light energy. In this video we will Study the Characteristics of Solar cell. My partner and I started looking at the distance between our flashlight and our solar cell. 3- … The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. To explore the relationship between distance between the cell and a light source and intensity, we took light intensity measurements at five different distances: 0cm, 3cm, 5cm, 7cm, and 9cm. Under illumi- nation from an artificial light source with an intensity of 8.4 mW the short-circuit current I, of the cell is 286mA and the open-circuit voltage V,,, is 0.466V. Solar cells, one of the safest and cheaper ways to generate electricity, have been studied to a great extent since 1954. 1 0 obj The fabrication portion of the lab It is a semiconductor device, which generates an emf when illuminated by light. Experiment Overview: Building a Solar Powered Toy Car. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 75 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> We had red, blue, orange, and light pink, and of course white light without a gel. <>/Metadata 127 0 R >> A resistance in the cell circuit should be introduced so that the current does not exceed the safe operating limit. For the second half of the experiment, we used four different colored gels to look at how color has an impact on light intensity. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 83 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 81 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> I got similar results to yours but it would be nice to know what it means. Solar V cell I Use the flux meter to determine the input intensities (be sure you understand the scale). These experiments are geared for children ages 5-10, but may be adapted for all ages. 10 0 obj 668 N. … It is formed by joining p- type (high concentration of hole or deficiency of electron) and n-type (high concentration of electron) semiconductor material. Solar V cell I Use the flux meter to determine the input intensities (be sure you understand the scale). The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. endobj A solar cell is a semiconductor PN junction diode as shown in figure 1. Simulate I-V characteristic of the device. Basically a solar cell is a device that directly converts sun light into the electricity. Fig. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 77 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Specifically, we were asked to discover the relationship between the distance between the cell and a light source and light intensity, and also the color of light and how that effects intensity. The following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8.5 cm X 8.5 cm. Just another Blogs @ Suffolk University site. 2. Photovoltaic Solar Cells . 3. This arrangement is referred to as having the meter in series. endobj endobj %���� endobj The local hot spot in the shaded part of the solar PV array can damage the solar Cells. Required fields are marked *. at the junction excess electrons from n … That is definitely something that can be further explored. VIVA VOICE QUESTIONS: 1. Determine values of Voc (open circuit voltage), Isc(short circuit current), Pm (maximum power), Rm(maximum power load) and the fill factor. Light from the lamp should fall normally on the cell. A simple solar cell experiment The following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8.5 cm X 8.5 cm. It would be a natural assumption that for solar cell performance visible light is necessary. 5 0 obj The fabrication portion of the lab endobj endobj Assignment 7.2: Self-Study on Nuclear Energy, Assignment 10.2: The Keystone XL Pipeline. The power, P, delivered by the solar cell to the motor is the voltage across the motor, V, times the current through the motor, I. Solar energy can be part of a mixture of renewable energy sources used to meet the need for electricity. Fabrication of a Solar Cell . Solar panels are sometimes called photovoltaic cells (photo = light, voltaic = electricity) because they absorb photons of light to create an electrical voltage. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 82 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Luckily, it was still accurate enough that the experiment worked out for us. 13 0 obj �-j�5��Ivcz�E�c�SLbzϦm��l6������s�sMY���}y������8c̅��M)�7&q��v�� d��~���� �U�~x��䳊GO(ԯ^^���%�E�ST\�'��L���1�И)�+�7?����_gS���~`Jxc%�N������$3���kXT�������X/pSê�е�^g��U���s��]��w-��� �sϭ_��%3?�_������ ��fl��*�͛]�xx��g��t����^C�[��1oъ5�ߧa,J>c�/.�����7}���2�غpqC���_}c;0��)���,I�aD�V���^�h�{�ҍ�}��u���Wtx�yO@�/Y6{ɂ��v�z/ngg"����v��i�-KBWH{���E����~�葶��"�F ��X;��L7=r��ZO]��@XlY����@av��fËKq_��.�_���j}�L%V_e�)���^Q���>fJG�m��26���c��WDc0ܠd��Q����1�S�sl4���f�\~[�հ��"V��e���y�����{�v��M�I?k��N�/��f����6j�Ϸ�z����e� ��d��+�X?���p/�sm�Ϙ��{��{N�~�,ݐ�N��~Sb{� ?پ���ɦw�I���ju�9ɺu���(�=�v�R�q���=��� :�z"VR�ع���ov���������G5�����'c�?�g�Y?җx�����������C�����{�' ��z�u��Y�����P]�z�7����{���t|�/�2��Aw�Nݩ;��Lʵ�$�����߼��Vz���EϮ�j�죚] d��q� '~���o9+�����d�Q�s�u� Aziz Alaleit . Indirectly, the sun’s heat drives the wind which can power a wind turbine.Or, the sun’s light helps plants to grow, which can then be used as organic matter for Biogas. In addition to reflecting the performance of the solar cell itself, the efficiency depends on the spectrum and intensity of the incident sunlight and the temperature of the solar cell. As is apparent from the graph, the farther away the light source is from the solar cell, the less intensity the cell records. proposed a method to predict I-V curves under different operating conditions, while Ibrahim investigated the response of crystalline silicon (Si) solar … <>stream Most discoveries in materials science have been made empirically, typically through one-variable-at-a-time (Edisonian) experimentation. Solar cells can absorb electromagnetic waves and convert the absorbed photon energy into electrical energy. These solar cells are fabricated using a combination of thin film deposition and etching techniques. … To prepare for the axles, wheels, and gear, cut out a small piece of the “car” base near the front tire. Red light has a much longer wavelength than blue light. For a more perfect experiment, if I really wanted to look at how red light and blue light compare in terms of intensity, I would pick gels that all have the exact same amount of opacity. This was because I tried to setup before dawn and things began to gather dew. %PDF-1.7 <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 80 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> endobj A solar cell is basically a semiconductor p-n junction device. James et al. 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discussion of solar cell experiment

• 18 enero, 2021 • Uncategorized

Your email address will not be published. 7 0 obj Calculating the power of a solar cell. ���tvÿ�3�m����wM��� ���8��ˀ�@?`�� ��{�Q��������Q������خy�ݒ����ԝ�Sw�Nݩ;u��ԝ�Sw�Nݩ;u��ԝ�Sw�N�_�A2����������L�'�Л������XY:�`�Y��Ne�X-[�nb���~���K���::�^�h��z��(VΪQ�����Z]��-c:'���:�c �S|$�2��OF��i�78�@O`;�� ��y�����Fu�z��5�.S�ԅ���zH�B=�~�~�~�~�~���N�o��&�b9,� c#�HVĊY)��a3X#�ǖ���&��+�����SyO>���Z>�/��J��o����"~)����{���i��E��ؾ���8S"���_O��wB�jٓ��O ����8�y��gF����/���7>�d�_�G��.�3ԙ�v�%���o�{�������ƙ3j�O��� 1. At its simplest, the solar cell works like a diode. Our measurements were recorded by the computer in intervals of ten seconds, and so we took the average of those recordings to get out data points. 6 0 obj Solar cells do not produce greenhouse gases, which are very harmful for our planet. Solar Cell Experiment Introduction: Solar Cells convert light energy to electrical energy, so are transducers. endobj Be sure that your data will 16 0 obj showed I-V characteristics with reverse bias slopes to be due to wavelengths of light below semiconductor band gap, while Schottky I-V characteristics were due to wavelengths of light above the semiconductor band gap; Zhang et al. A solar cell experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active atea (10 cm 5 cm). Effect of temperature on a solar panel - results Carrying out the experiment. 9 0 obj Solar Science Experiments for Kids are a fun way to teach children about renewable energy sources. Silicon is intensely refined to remove all the unwanted impurities. Watch this video.The Physics Guide is a free and unique educational YouTube channel. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 106 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Therefore people have started using solar panels much often to produce electricity. When the energy of the incident photon is larger than the band gap, the photon can be absorbed by the semiconductor to create an electron-hole pair. Your email address will not be published. x��|\TW��9��0�ff(3��� Be sure that your data will The original study demonstrated the production of two electrons from one photon, but it did so in an organic photovoltaic cell, which is less efficient than a silicon solar cell. Disclosure: This is a paid campaign with Camp Invention, all opinions are 100% my own. An overview of the sequence is shown to the right (Figure 1). The power of a solar cell is the product of the voltage across the solar cell times the current through the solar cell. Before we really began recording data, we tested the solar cell in the dark to determine its accuracy. The characteristics of materials-based systems are, however, neither simple nor uncorrelated. Question: A Solar Cell Experiment Was Performed Using A Commercial Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell With An Active Atea (10 Cm 5 Cm). endobj This entire ingot forms one single crystal, yielding mono-crystalline silicon solar cells… During the Solar Cell Energy lab three flexible solar cells were combined in series and exposed to solar radiation at different angles in one axis of rotation. Eastern Washington University, Department of Management . endobj How do you do Solar Cell Experiment in your lab? Since the efficiency of a diode is dependent on its temperature, you will want to be careful that the photocell temperature is kept constant throughout the experiment. It also makes sense that orange and red came next, both because the orange was less opaque than the red and the blue, but because of the wavelengths of the colors. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. Lab 8: Solar Cell Experiment In this experiment, we were asked to use a solar cell, a light, a ruler, and some colored gels to determine different aspects of light intensity. Solar cell 2. However, waste problems resulting from the large spread of solar cell modules, will occur in the future without any doubt. 2. We did get a small reading, but it was negligible. The large surface area indicated in light blue is exposed to incident light energy. The sequence is a simple set of repeating steps including oxidation, etching, diffusion, cleaning and patterning. Normally no external bias is applied to the cell. SOLAR CELLS: A CASE STUDY OF EFFICIENCY & THE EFFECT ON COST . The crystalline silicon cell occupies more than 80% of solar cell produced in Japan at present. The solar cell should be exposed to sun light before using it in the experiment. The sequence is a simple set of repeating steps including oxidation, etching, diffusion, cleaning and patterning. There are two fundamental functions of solar cells: photo-generation of Half is then doped with boron which has excess positive electrons and half with phosphorous which has excess negative electrons. It was important for us to do this though, because after this step we were aware that our cell was not perfectly accurate. endobj Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 90 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Annots[ 57 0 R ]/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 58 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Solar energy, created by the sun, is an important source of renewable energy.In fact, most renewable energy comes from the sun either directly or indirectly. Solar Cell Experiment 2091 Words | 9 Pages. The Band Gap Of Polycrystalline Silicon Is 1.1 Ev. In the Czochralski process a silicon ingot is “grown” or drawn from a pool of molten silicon. Since the efficiency of a diode is dependent on its temperature, you will want to be careful that the photocell temperature is kept constant throughout the experiment. It was no surprise that white light gave the highest intensity, and the light pink one was not far behind. In this experiment, we were asked to use a solar cell, a light, a ruler, and some colored gels to determine different aspects of light intensity. An overview of the sequence is shown to the right (Figure 1). Solar cells are usually coated with anti-reflective materials so that they absorb the maximum amount of light energy. Nowadays, this device is very popular, because people have become more concerned about environmental problems. Using photovoltaic cells (also called solar cells), solar energy can be converted into electricity. (Perlin, 2004) A solar cell is a solid electrical device that converts solar energy directly to electricity. In addition to everyday objects such as solar calculators or solar garden lamps, photovoltaic power plants are becoming more and more common. The large surface area indicated in light blue is exposed to incident light energy. For our … 1- Place the solar cell on the table directly under the desk lamp and switch on the desk lamp. 12 0 obj A solar cell is a semiconductor PN junction diode as shown in figure 1. Solar cells produce direct current (DC) electricity and an inverter can … There are several approaches that have been proposed to reduce the effect of shadows on a solar PV array output power: Bypass diodes are connected across shadowed cells to pass the full amount of current while preventing damage to the solar cell. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 98 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> 2- Connect the solar cell with the electric motor and a DMM to measure current. ��Kd�b�F( 3: A typical I-V curve and power curve of a solar cell Fig 4: Experimental arrangement for solar cell characteristics APPARATUS: 1. Normally no external bias is applied to the cell. Discussion: The results of the experiment were very close to … It is said that the lifetime of crystalline silicon PV modules is 20–30 years and is considerably long. In the first part of the lab we wanted to see how changing the intensity of light affected the amount of electricity produced by the solar cell. The only thing that really surprised me about this experiment was that there wasn’t a more dramatic difference between the intensities of red and blue light, but I suppose that has something to do with the opacity of the gels. I feel like the part of the experiment with the colored gels was somewhat inconclusive. 11 0 obj The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. Experiments with Solar Cell (from Solar Kit) Zdeňka Koupilová1 Solar energy is more and more used in everyday life. Our findings were about what we expected: the darker the gel, the less intensity the solar cell will record. 4 0 obj 8 0 obj I tested all the tracking and data logging software routines before running the experiment outside with the real tracker hardware.I setup the equipment outside once the day began to warm. Purpose/Hypothesis In our solar cell experiment, we were tasked with experimenting with solar panels and how they function. This study investigated the electrical performance of three PV modules with cells connected in different configurations to address nonuniform illumination effect. These solar cells are fabricated using a combination of thin film deposition and etching techniques. What is the difference between solar cell and a photodiode? Aim 1: To investigate any relationship present between the distance between a solar cell and a lamp, and the current output of the solar cell, at a fixed voltage. Fifty years later a scientist named Charles Fritts created the first real solar cell using junctions by coating the semiconductor with a nearly transparent layer of gold. We took our measurements by holding the light source directly next to the solar cell with the gel in between, so distance would not be a factor in this experiment. This study investigated the electrical performance of three PV modules with cells connected in different configurations to address nonuniform illumination effect. He found, when experimenting with an electrolytic cell made up of two metal electrodes, that some materials would produce small amounts of current when exposed to light. The solar cell and motor used in this experiment had V = 1.1 V and I = 0.11 A. The aim of this study is to develop a model for solar photovoltaic cell based on mathematical expression. VV��M�. Figure 2 - A monocrystalline silicone solar cell . Most concentrating systems that are being used for photovoltaic (PV) applications do not illuminate the PV module uniformly which results in power output reduction. The band gap of polycrystalline silicon is 1.1 ev. In our experiment, the solar cell and motor had V = 1.1 volts and I = 0.11 amps. Solar panels are sometimes called photovoltaic cells (photo = light, voltaic = electricity) because they absorb photons of light to create an electrical voltage. We attempted to incorporate this data into our graph, but the data point made the trendline look as though it didn’t match at all so we removed it from our graph. The Power produced by the solar cell and its efficiency. Most concentrating systems that are being used for photovoltaic (PV) applications do not illuminate the PV module uniformly which results in power output reduction. Solar cells are usually coated with anti-reflective materials so that they absorb the maximum amount of light energy. In this video we will Study the Characteristics of Solar cell. My partner and I started looking at the distance between our flashlight and our solar cell. 3- … The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. To explore the relationship between distance between the cell and a light source and intensity, we took light intensity measurements at five different distances: 0cm, 3cm, 5cm, 7cm, and 9cm. Under illumi- nation from an artificial light source with an intensity of 8.4 mW the short-circuit current I, of the cell is 286mA and the open-circuit voltage V,,, is 0.466V. Solar cells, one of the safest and cheaper ways to generate electricity, have been studied to a great extent since 1954. 1 0 obj The fabrication portion of the lab It is a semiconductor device, which generates an emf when illuminated by light. Experiment Overview: Building a Solar Powered Toy Car. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 75 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> We had red, blue, orange, and light pink, and of course white light without a gel. <>/Metadata 127 0 R >> A resistance in the cell circuit should be introduced so that the current does not exceed the safe operating limit. For the second half of the experiment, we used four different colored gels to look at how color has an impact on light intensity. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 83 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 81 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> I got similar results to yours but it would be nice to know what it means. Solar V cell I Use the flux meter to determine the input intensities (be sure you understand the scale). These experiments are geared for children ages 5-10, but may be adapted for all ages. 10 0 obj 668 N. … It is formed by joining p- type (high concentration of hole or deficiency of electron) and n-type (high concentration of electron) semiconductor material. Solar V cell I Use the flux meter to determine the input intensities (be sure you understand the scale). The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. endobj A solar cell is a semiconductor PN junction diode as shown in figure 1. Simulate I-V characteristic of the device. Basically a solar cell is a device that directly converts sun light into the electricity. Fig. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 77 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Specifically, we were asked to discover the relationship between the distance between the cell and a light source and light intensity, and also the color of light and how that effects intensity. The following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8.5 cm X 8.5 cm. Just another Blogs @ Suffolk University site. 2. Photovoltaic Solar Cells . 3. This arrangement is referred to as having the meter in series. endobj endobj %���� endobj The local hot spot in the shaded part of the solar PV array can damage the solar Cells. Required fields are marked *. at the junction excess electrons from n … That is definitely something that can be further explored. VIVA VOICE QUESTIONS: 1. Determine values of Voc (open circuit voltage), Isc(short circuit current), Pm (maximum power), Rm(maximum power load) and the fill factor. Light from the lamp should fall normally on the cell. A simple solar cell experiment The following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8.5 cm X 8.5 cm. It would be a natural assumption that for solar cell performance visible light is necessary. 5 0 obj The fabrication portion of the lab endobj endobj Assignment 7.2: Self-Study on Nuclear Energy, Assignment 10.2: The Keystone XL Pipeline. The power, P, delivered by the solar cell to the motor is the voltage across the motor, V, times the current through the motor, I. Solar energy can be part of a mixture of renewable energy sources used to meet the need for electricity. Fabrication of a Solar Cell . Solar panels are sometimes called photovoltaic cells (photo = light, voltaic = electricity) because they absorb photons of light to create an electrical voltage. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 82 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> Luckily, it was still accurate enough that the experiment worked out for us. 13 0 obj �-j�5��Ivcz�E�c�SLbzϦm��l6������s�sMY���}y������8c̅��M)�7&q��v�� d��~���� �U�~x��䳊GO(ԯ^^���%�E�ST\�'��L���1�И)�+�7?����_gS���~`Jxc%�N������$3���kXT�������X/pSê�е�^g��U���s��]��w-��� �sϭ_��%3?�_������ ��fl��*�͛]�xx��g��t����^C�[��1oъ5�ߧa,J>c�/.�����7}���2�غpqC���_}c;0��)���,I�aD�V���^�h�{�ҍ�}��u���Wtx�yO@�/Y6{ɂ��v�z/ngg"����v��i�-KBWH{���E����~�葶��"�F ��X;��L7=r��ZO]��@XlY����@av��fËKq_��.�_���j}�L%V_e�)���^Q���>fJG�m��26���c��WDc0ܠd��Q����1�S�sl4���f�\~[�հ��"V��e���y�����{�v��M�I?k��N�/��f����6j�Ϸ�z����e� ��d��+�X?���p/�sm�Ϙ��{��{N�~�,ݐ�N��~Sb{� ?پ���ɦw�I���ju�9ɺu���(�=�v�R�q���=��� :�z"VR�ع���ov���������G5�����'c�?�g�Y?җx�����������C�����{�' ��z�u��Y�����P]�z�7����{���t|�/�2��Aw�Nݩ;��Lʵ�$�����߼��Vz���EϮ�j�죚] d��q� '~���o9+�����d�Q�s�u� Aziz Alaleit . Indirectly, the sun’s heat drives the wind which can power a wind turbine.Or, the sun’s light helps plants to grow, which can then be used as organic matter for Biogas. In addition to reflecting the performance of the solar cell itself, the efficiency depends on the spectrum and intensity of the incident sunlight and the temperature of the solar cell. As is apparent from the graph, the farther away the light source is from the solar cell, the less intensity the cell records. proposed a method to predict I-V curves under different operating conditions, while Ibrahim investigated the response of crystalline silicon (Si) solar … <>stream Most discoveries in materials science have been made empirically, typically through one-variable-at-a-time (Edisonian) experimentation. Solar cells can absorb electromagnetic waves and convert the absorbed photon energy into electrical energy. These solar cells are fabricated using a combination of thin film deposition and etching techniques. … To prepare for the axles, wheels, and gear, cut out a small piece of the “car” base near the front tire. Red light has a much longer wavelength than blue light. For a more perfect experiment, if I really wanted to look at how red light and blue light compare in terms of intensity, I would pick gels that all have the exact same amount of opacity. This was because I tried to setup before dawn and things began to gather dew. %PDF-1.7 <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92]/Contents 80 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S>> endobj A solar cell is basically a semiconductor p-n junction device. James et al.

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