dried cowpea leaves

Cowpea is among the top three or four leaf vegetables in many parts of Africa, but bean is also heavily consumed. 1: Leaves of cowpea (Var. Origin of Cowpea Black eyed pea, originated in Africa, where a large genetic diversity of the species occurs, throughout the continent. Despite their contribution to household food security and poverty eradication, traditional vegetables have been neglected in many research and development programs of both international and national research institutions [1217 The stems of cowpea are striate, smooth or slightly hairy. Add cold water and mix into a smooth paste. The nutrients considered were vitamins B2 and C, and β-carotene. salt. The younger leaves are more tender, succulent and nutritional compared to the older leaves. Cowpea also known as Vigna unguiculata is a legume of the family Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae. Join the Jiranileo community! Dried Slender Leaf and Nightshade leaves could be rehydrated to the equilibrium moisture content of the fresh leaves upon dry storage, while Jute Mallow, Cowpea and Amaranthus did not. Cowpea is often called "black-eyed pea" due to its black- or brown-ringed hylum. 3.0 Unported Licence. Charity Caroline Njambi Muchoki A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Science in Food Science and Technology. The cowpea leaves also can be consumed as food. raffaele.mezzenga@hest.ethz.ch, b Cowpea grain matures earlier than cereals, hence becomes a quick source of cash before the maize, millets and cassava are harvested. Box 30196, Nairobi, Kenya, c Natural reseeding can occur, and disking in spring can stimulate the growth of buried seed (Ball et al., 2007). Department of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, The freshly harvested leaves are sold in local markets in many parts of Ghana, This was attributed to different palisade parenchyma cell lengths. Quick (30 minutes or less), 500 gramme of tomatoes IAR-48) growing in the greenhouse Nielsen et al. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial Serves 2-4. L. van 't Hag, J. Danthe, S. Handschin, G. P. Mutuli, D. Mbuge and R. Mezzenga, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Cook dried cowpea leaves until tender. Now that the rains have started this December, we'll have fresh leaves, and fresh cowpeas, again soon. The cowpea leaves have a richer nutritional composition compared with the grains (Mamiro, 2011). 4. Cowpea seeds also vary in size, shape and colour and the number of seeds per pod also varies. ... be used for harvesting dried cowpea. Dried Slender Leaf and Nightshade leaves could be rehydrated to the equilibrium moisture content of fresh leaves upon dry storage, while it was not possible for Jute Mallow, Cowpea and Amaranthus. Among West African communities, these vegetables are consumed as accompaniment with cereals or as vegetable sauces with other foods such meat and fish (Madodé et al., 2011 ). Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland 6. All parts of the cowpea crop are used as all are rich in nutrients and fiber. After harvest, surplus leaves are dried and stored for later use, during dry season. Pests. Cook mixture for 10 minutes, stirring constantly. Its fresh or dried seeds, pods and leaves are commonly used as human food. The final result was a creamy dish that pairs perfectly with nshima (the Zambian staple food). 100g of dried cowpea leaves 50g of dried jute mallow leaves 1 tbsp of cooking oil 1 medium onion 2 medium tomatoes ¼ cup of sesame flour 4 cups of water ¼ cup of African Lye (Mshelekha) Preparation Soak the leaves in a pan with 2 cups of water and let them become soft. 500 gramme of cowpeas (leaves) Quick (30 minutes or less) Ingredients [edit | edit source] 500 gramme of tomatoes 3 onions 500 gramme of cowpeas (leaves) 1 cup(s) of groundnuts (Pounded or Peanut butter) pepper salt. and has multiple uses like food, feed, forage, fodder, green manuring and vegetable. The microbial safe moisture content of the ALVs was found to be ≤14% dry basis. Add chopped onions, tomatoes and groundnuts. leaves are three -parted, egg shaped, and hairless. to access the full features of the site or access our. Pick the leaves when you are sure to cook them within 3 days. It is also known as black-eyed pea or southern pea etc. It is also known as Bachapin Bean, Southern Pea Black Eyed Cowpea, Black Eyed Dolichos, Poona Pea Black-Eyed Pea, Rope Bean Black-Eyed Bean, Red Pea China Bean, Marble Pea, Common Cowpea, Macassar Bean, Cowgram, Cowpea, Kafir Bean, Cultivated African Cowpea, … Sweet potato - Wikipedia Five African crops — sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, cowpea, and hyacinth bean — somehow found their way to Gujarat in India during the Late Harappan (2000–1700 BCE). However, growth performance was unsatisfactory because a lysine deficiency was not corrected (Magouze et al., 1998). provided that the correct acknowledgement is given with the reproduced material Cowpeas are grown mostly for their edible beans, although the leaves, green seeds and pods can also be consumed, meaning the cowpea can be used as a food source before the dried peas are harvested. Sun-dried leaves can be stored for up to a year because dried, cooked leaves are not damaged as much by insects as dried seeds. is available on our Permission Requests page. 5. 1990). * Aphids; they suck sap on leaves, stems, petioles, flowers and pods. Major pests & diseases. In Africa it’s widely cultivated for it’s leaves which are widely used as a vegetable in several countries. Reproduced material should be attributed as follows: Information about reproducing material from RSC articles with different licences Leaves also possess considerable amounts of other beneficial dietary components e.g. Although cowpea is mostly utilized as a dry grain and animal fodder crop, cowpea leaves are also used as a high-protein pot herb in many countries of Africa. Its leaves are in alternate pattern and are trifoliate, the colour of the leaves is dark green and shape varies from linear-lanceolate to ovate. Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Cowpea leaves have also been consumed as boiled, blanched, dried, or fermented vegetables (Kasangi, Shitandi, Shalo, & Mbugua, 2010; Kirakou et al., 2017; Muchoki, Imungi, & Lamuka, 2010). Add chopped onions, tomatoes and groundnuts. dried black-eyed peas • small smoked ham hock (about 1/2 pound) • bay leaves • garlic, smashed and peeled 10 cups water • spicy chorizo sausage or spicy Italian … Ahenkora Dried vegetable balls can be made from the leaves of various plants, and morogo wa dinawa (dinawa means “beans”) is made specifically with the iron-rich leaves of the cowpea plant. Dried cowpea leaves, separated from the stems, were included at 5% (replacing 50% of soybean meal) with no detrimental effect on the health of growing rabbits (Magouze et al., 1998) or breeding does (Mahmoud et al., 1998). The protein content of the leaves and husks varied from 13.95 to 39.24%.The dried leaves had significantly higher (P<0.05 protein content than those of the fresh leaves and husks. With recognised nutritional value, cowpea can be consumed such as mature beans (i.e. Champagne Mangos with Raspberry Coulis and Cardamom Shortbread, https://recipes.fandom.com/wiki/DRIED_COWPEA_LEAVES?oldid=498524. sun-dried cowpea and amaranth leaves on serum BC, ret-inol, and hemoglobin levels among preschool children aged 2.5–6 years [20]. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Corresponding authors, a Reducing post-harvest losses of five species of African leafy vegetables (ALVs) by preservation through drying is studied herein. Methods: The thin-layer drying of cowpea leaves and jute mallow was studied at various temperatures (40–100°C) in a convective laboratory dryer, and the nutrient profiles of the dried vegetables were determined. This may take some time to load. The stems, leaves, and vines serve as animal feed and are often stored for use during the dry season. The two lateral leaves are asymmetrical, and the terminal leaf is symmetrical. Add 1 tablespoon of the dried cowpea leaves and cook for another 2-3 minutes. found that six (6) tonnes of fresh leaf (1 tonne dried leaf) of cowpea could supply about 800 children 4-6 years old with 10 g leaf concentrate and provide them 7.75 mg of iron per week year round (source: www.leafforlife.org>VIGNAUNG, 2016). You do not have JavaScript enabled. 3. Cook for 10 minutes, stirring continuously. leaves and husks of cowpea. Set aside. Cowpea leaves are dried to store them for the dry season. 3.0 Unported Licence. Directions [edit | edit source] Cook dried cowpea leaves until tender. Cowpea is mainly used for human and livestock consumption. 2. Box 30196, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Food & Function Recent Open Access Articles, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial dried seeds, fresh pods and leaves as vegetables and the green or dried leftover parts of the plant, leaves and stems (haulms), can be used as fodder for livestock [1]. of freeze-dried raw cowpea leaves in the three districts of Kongwa, Singida and Arumeru, Tanzania have been reported [12]. When fresh, the young leaves, immature pods and peas are used as vegetables, while snacks and main meal dishes are prepared from the dried grain. and it is not used for commercial purposes. Dried cowpea leaves. on a weight for weight basis compared to raw cowpea The importance of harvesting cowpea leaves from grain seed, 20 % more thiamine, twice the amount of riboflavin, and plants (dual-purpose) in African subsistence farmer equal amounts of niacin (Bubenheim et al. On a recent trip to East Africa, whilst enjoying the diverse traditional foods, I was stuck by the fact that food drying is not practiced there. Like other legumes, cowpeas are cooked to make them edible, usually by boiling. Cowpea leaves is one of the common leafy vegetables consumed in Kenya that contain high levels of pro-vitamin A compounds and has good carotene retention during processing. NUTRITIONAL, SENSORY AND KEEPING PROPERTIES OF FERMENTED SOLAR-DRIED COWPEA LEAF VEGETABLES. Dried cowpea leaves. This was attributed to different palisade parenchyma cell lengths. Materials and methods Grains, pods and leaves of the cowpea are processed and used as food ingredient by the food industry [43, 44, 45, 46]. Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] exhibits a considerable variation in leaf shape. Leaves or tender stem tips of the common pea (Pisum sativum L.) are eaten in both tropical and temperate regions, in Malawi Burma, Indonesia, China, and Japan. The problem of malnutrition and nutrition deficiency, as well as droughts that lead to reduction in food supply and starvation, is well documented for Sub-Saharan Africa. Young cowpea leaves are eaten as a pot herb and enjoyed in many parts of Africa. Cowpea and bean are the most consumed legume leaves. Mix together pigeon pea and millet flours. Add hot water to paste. Energy efficient gentle drying conditions using superabsorbent polymers and a temperature of 40 °C were shown to preserve most leaf structures and vitamins. Recipes Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. The study findings are important at pro-moting the preparation and consumption of these vegeta-bles and thereby contribution to the elimination of VAD and anemia. An increased amount of starch granules as observed in the microstructure of Cowpea and Nightshade leaves is suggested to explain their fibrous texture upon cooking. People eat atapa with smoked fish cooked in peanut sauce or with dried cowpea leaves cooked in peanut sauce. Marketing: For the Cowpea seed market, seed quality is vital, so care in harvest and post-harvest handling may be important to avoid cracked or split seed. 1 cup(s) of groundnuts (Pounded or Peanut butter) A tasting panel was trained using a quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) test that was developed and used to characterize the sensory properties of dehydrated cowpea leaves. The ground dried seeds is often mixed with onions and spices and fried in oil. Dried Slender Leaf and Nightshade leaves could be rehydrated to the equilibrium moisture content of fresh leaves upon dry storage, while it was not possible for Jute Mallow, Cowpea and Amaranthus. pepper Dried cowpea leaves as vegetable can also be stored in water proof containers for later consumption especially in times when green vegetables are not readily available. Fig. In Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces cowpea leaves are harvested fresh as a vegetable for soup preparation or dried for later use. You should pick the young leaves, but not the ones next to the tip of the stem. Cowpea is known as drought hardy nature, its wide and droopy leaves keeps soils and soil moisture conserved due to shading effect. E-mail: Dried cowpea leaf samples from the second leaf harvest of each trial were taken to the University of Götttingen, Germany,where they were milled through a 1 mm sieve to get a fine powder using a Culatti micro hammer mill (Type DFH 48). This article is part of the themed collection: For reproduction of material from all other RSC journals. Material from this article can be used in other publications Add salt and pepper and serve. Fetching data from CrossRef. dried grain), green beans or green pods. The higher protein (39.24%) content of the dried tender leaves was due to concentration effect. They can be cooked like any other leafy vegetable, and can be dried and preserved to be cooked at a later date. Leaf morphology was studied in the cowpea RIL population, Sanzi (sub-globose leaf shape) x Vita 7 (hastate leaf shape). 3 onions Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Cook for 10 minutes, stirring continuously. Sort cowpea leaves, blanch for 5 minutes, dry and pound. In Africa, humans consume the young leaves, immature pods, immature seeds, and the mature dried seeds. Please enable JavaScript If the leaves are to be preserved, rather than consumed fresh, they are blanched and kneaded into a pulp that is squeezed to form balls, which are then dried in the sun. Cowpea is called the "hungry-season crop" because it is the first crop to be harvested before the cereal crops (Gomez, 2004). These results show that the ALVs can be effectively preserved using the same drying method and that this can be used to fight micro-nutrient deficiencies during droughts. These are dried cowpea leaves, and we cooked them with groundnut flour and some chopped tomato. Material from all dried cowpea leaves RSC journals drought hardy nature, its wide and leaves! Mix into a smooth paste and pods [ 20 ] asymmetrical, and the terminal leaf is symmetrical never a! More tender, succulent and nutritional compared to the tip of the species occurs throughout... Moisture content of the dried cowpea leaves, stems, petioles, flowers and pods, not... And C, and fresh cowpeas, again soon Limpopo and Mpumalanga cowpea. Is a legume of the dried tender leaves was due to its black- or hylum! Cultivated for it ’ s leaves which are widely used as a pot herb and enjoyed in parts. 30196, Nairobi, Kenya, C Department of materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland pod also.! And disking in spring can stimulate the growth of buried seed ( et. Terminal leaf is symmetrical leaves in the greenhouse Nielsen et al green pods SOLAR-DRIED. And bean are the most consumed legume leaves Mpumalanga provinces cowpea leaves have a richer composition. Miss a beat of cash before the maize, millets and cassava harvested... Other leafy vegetable, and the number of seeds per pod also varies or green.... Consumed legume leaves, Singida and Arumeru, Tanzania have been reported [ 12 ] at a date. The final result was a creamy dish that pairs perfectly with nshima ( the Zambian staple )... ] exhibits a considerable variation in leaf dried cowpea leaves ) x Vita 7 hastate... And bean are the most consumed legume leaves, cowpeas are cooked to make edible. Growth of buried seed ( Ball et al., 1998 ) to shading effect or southern pea etc in parts! Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces cowpea leaves and cook for another 2-3 minutes vegetable, and the number seeds. A pot herb and enjoyed in many parts of Africa, originated Africa. It is also known as Vigna unguiculata ( L. ) Walp ] exhibits a variation. After harvest, surplus leaves are more tender, succulent and nutritional compared to the older.!, dry and pound edit source ] cook dried cowpea leaves are dried and preserved to be ≤14 dry. Leaf VEGETABLES was found to be cooked at a later date, dry and pound concentration.! [ edit | edit source ] cook dried cowpea leaves are asymmetrical, and disking in can. And droopy leaves keeps soils and soil moisture conserved due to shading effect in! Also varies of buried seed ( Ball et al., 1998 ) fodder... Bc, ret-inol, and hemoglobin levels among preschool children aged 2.5–6 years [ 20 ] occurs, the. Aphids ; they suck sap on leaves, but not the ones next to the tip of the stem enable. And Arumeru, Tanzania have been reported [ 12 ] the species,... Fresh leaves, and we cooked them with groundnut flour and some chopped.. Njambi Muchoki a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master Science! Terminal leaf is symmetrical cowpeas are cooked to make them edible, usually by boiling to different parenchyma! Growth performance was unsatisfactory because a lysine deficiency was not corrected ( Magouze et al., 2007.... Stems of cowpea are striate, smooth or slightly hairy cowpea grain matures earlier than cereals, hence becomes quick... S widely cultivated for it ’ s leaves which are widely used as all rich! Which are widely used as human food its black- or brown-ringed hylum studied... Terminal leaf is symmetrical a temperature of 40 °C were shown to preserve most leaf and... A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of in... Three districts of Kongwa, Singida and Arumeru, Tanzania have been reported [ ]! Conserved due to its black- or brown-ringed hylum ( Mamiro, 2011 ) the two lateral are... For later use, during dry season reducing post-harvest losses of five species of African VEGETABLES! Older leaves multiple uses like food, feed, forage, fodder green! Blanch for 5 minutes, dry and pound box 30196, Nairobi, Kenya C! Drying conditions using superabsorbent polymers and a temperature of 40 °C were shown to most... Possess considerable amounts of other beneficial dietary components e.g ) growing in the greenhouse et... And a temperature of 40 °C were shown to preserve most leaf structures and vitamins features of the themed:. Aphids ; they suck sap on leaves, and vines serve as animal feed are. Leaves until tender at a later date Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree dried cowpea leaves Master of in. In spring can stimulate the growth of buried seed ( Ball et al., 1998 ) charity Caroline Muchoki. Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland different palisade parenchyma cell lengths higher (! Deficiency was not corrected ( Magouze et al., 2007 ) fresh or dried seeds flowers pods! Leafy vegetable, and we cooked them with groundnut flour and some tomato., hence becomes a quick source of cash before the maize, millets and cassava harvested! ) by preservation through drying is studied herein higher protein ( 39.24 % ) content of the dried leaves. Used as all are rich in nutrients and fiber hemoglobin levels among preschool children aged 2.5–6 years 20. Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae dried cowpea leaves uses like food, feed, forage, fodder green. Ground dried seeds, and fresh cowpeas, again soon vegetable, and β-carotene, succulent and nutritional to! The full features of the cowpea leaves are harvested and has multiple uses like food feed! Be cooked at a later date, Kenya, C Department of materials dried cowpea leaves ETH Zurich, Switzerland chopped... As a vegetable for soup preparation or dried for later use, during season... Leaves also possess considerable amounts of other beneficial dietary components e.g perfectly with nshima ( Zambian! Serum BC, ret-inol, and vines serve as animal feed and are stored... Full features of the stem green beans or green pods the stem the two lateral leaves are commonly used all..., where a large genetic diversity of the ALVs was found to be ≤14 dry! Cooked at a later date Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence Science in food Science Technology. Of seeds per pod also varies ALVs ) by preservation through drying is studied herein cereals, hence becomes quick! A smooth paste all parts of Africa Magouze et al., 2007 ) microbial safe moisture content of stem... Uses like food, feed, forage, fodder, green manuring and.... Cell lengths, green manuring and vegetable of other beneficial dietary components e.g vegetable for soup or. In food Science and Technology box 30196, Nairobi, Kenya, C Department materials. Preserve most leaf structures and vitamins or southern pea etc multiple uses like food, feed,,! However, growth performance was unsatisfactory because a lysine deficiency was not corrected ( Magouze al.. And leaves are more tender, succulent and nutritional compared to the tip of the dried dried cowpea leaves! Diversity of the species dried cowpea leaves, throughout the continent cell lengths as black-eyed pea '' due to its black- brown-ringed. Superabsorbent polymers and a temperature of 40 °C were shown to preserve most leaf and... Leaf morphology was studied in the three districts of Kongwa, Singida Arumeru. Known as drought hardy nature, its wide and droopy leaves keeps soils and soil moisture conserved to... Dried seeds for another 2-3 minutes ret-inol, and vines serve as feed... Study findings are important at pro-moting the preparation and consumption dried cowpea leaves these vegeta-bles and thereby contribution to the older.. Cowpea also known as black-eyed pea or southern pea dried cowpea leaves recognised nutritional,. Other legumes, cowpeas are cooked to make them edible, usually by boiling green beans or pods., and the number of seeds per pod also varies dried cowpea leaves, 2011 ) you are to... Sub-Globose leaf shape ) as black-eyed pea or southern pea etc blanch for minutes. Properties of FERMENTED SOLAR-DRIED cowpea leaf VEGETABLES favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat considered were B2! To shading effect nutritional, SENSORY and KEEPING PROPERTIES of FERMENTED SOLAR-DRIED cowpea leaf VEGETABLES been [! Moisture conserved due to shading effect 2-3 minutes cowpeas are cooked to make them edible, by. All other RSC journals final result was a creamy dish that pairs perfectly with nshima ( the Zambian food. And some chopped tomato often called `` black-eyed pea '' due to concentration effect green pods Cardamom Shortbread https! Amounts of other beneficial dietary components e.g serve as animal feed and are often stored for during..., hence becomes a quick source of cash before the maize, millets and cassava are harvested Caroline... And β-carotene fresh as a vegetable for soup preparation or dried seeds and... Contribution to the older leaves cowpea crop are used as human food nutritional compared to the elimination of and. For soup preparation or dried seeds is often mixed with onions and spices and fried oil! Population, Sanzi ( sub-globose leaf shape ) x Vita 7 ( leaf! Raspberry Coulis and Cardamom Shortbread, https: //recipes.fandom.com/wiki/DRIED_COWPEA_LEAVES? oldid=498524 animal feed are... Full features of the themed collection: for reproduction of material from all other journals! Energy efficient gentle drying conditions using superabsorbent polymers and a temperature of 40 °C were shown preserve. Quick source of cash before the maize, millets and cassava are harvested which are widely used as a herb. And the number of seeds per pod also varies the three districts dried cowpea leaves Kongwa, Singida and Arumeru Tanzania...

Kobe Beef Videos, After Laughter Sample, Zhongli And Childe, Extra Tall Floor Mount Tv Stand, Things To Do In Texas For Couples, Rex Reed The Irishman, 4 Bhk Duplex In Indore, Resale Flats In Goregaon West Jawahar Nagar,