Everyone harvesting in the park at the time of expansion, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous, were eligible for a permit. It is huge with only one road in order to conserve wildlife and environment. It’s the last remaining natural nesting area for the endangered whooping crane; It has unique salt plains created by an ancient seabed. It is also the only known nesting site of whooping cranes. Their population is currently estimated at more than 5,000. Canada purchased the Hudson's Bay Company's claim to the region in 1870. This effectively struck down the privilege based system that had been in use since 1922. Agriculture was never developed in this part of Western Canada, unlike to the south; thus hunting and trapping remained the dominant industry in this region well into the twentieth century, and are still vital to many of its inhabitants. [15], In June 2019, UNESCO expressed concerns about managements of ecological health and indigenous usage especially water decline, and "warned" the park about potential delisting it from the World Heritage List. It was established in 1922 to protect the last remaining herds of bison in northern Canada. Between 1951 and 1967, 4000 bison were killed and 2,000,000 pounds (910 t) of meat were sold from a special abattoir built at Hay Camp. Established in 1922, the park was created on Crown land acquired the territory of Treaty 8 between Canada and the local First Nations. It is located in northeastern Alberta and the southern Northwest Territories. The communities around the park today are mostly made up of Cree, Chipewyan, Metis and non-indigenous people. Between 1925 and 1928, plains mostos were introduced in an effort to increase the number of animals in Wood Buffalo National Park. The first Park Warden was Bud Cotton, who served from 1912 through 1940. The park headquarters is located in Fort Smith, with a smaller satellite office in Fort Chipewyan, Alberta. The protection of this park was first proposed by the Mikisew Cree First Nation, and it will protect the natural ecosystems from the expanding industrial areas north of Fort McMurray. Traditional cultural use by Indigenous harvesters preserves and transmits Indigenous culture to future generations and contributes to the sharing and growth of Indigenous ecological knowledge of the land and waters in and around the park. Wood Buffalo National Park Situated on the plains in the north-central region of Canada, the park (which covers 44,807 km2) is home to North America's largest population of wild bison. The park was established in 1922 to protect the world's largest herd of free roaming hybridized wood bison, currently estimated … Through the Aboriginal Committee for the Cooperative Management of Wood Buffalo National Park, which meets a number of times per year, and bilateral projects and relationships, Parks Canada and local Indigenous partners are working toward a better future, one that better respects and represents the importance of the local Indigenous communities to the park. The park was established in 1922 to protect the world's largest herd of free roaming wood bison, currently estimated at more … [18] On average, summers are characterized by warm and dry days although in some years, it can have cool and wet days. Aboriginal peoples in this region have followed variations on the subarctic lifeway, based around hunting, fishing, and gathering. This complicated history has been a negative one for all involved but was especially unfair to Indigenous people. Larger in area than Switzerland,[2] it is the second-largest national park in the world. [citation needed], In 1983, a 21-year lease was granted to Canadian Forest Products Ltd. to log a 50,000-hectare area of Wood Buffalo National Park. Over the years this “privilege” was passed down to the children of the original harvesters and a registry was established at the park to track hereditary eligibility, numbers of harvesters and number of permits issued. In 1926 the park was expanded south of the Peace River into the Peace Athabasca Delta to protect the bison transported from the south, which had migrated across the Peace River. In both the original establishment and the expansion of the park the decisions to exclude certain Indigenous members of a community, for the reasons stated earlier, resulted in divisions between members where they did not exist before. Research done in this area found that the local Indigenous Métis would likely have Powley-type hunting rights. This is captured and supported in the 2010 Wood Buffalo National Park Management Plan under Key Strategy 1, Towards a Shared Vision which is located at: http://www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/nt/woodbuffalo/info/plan/plan1. [8] Wood Buffalo is located directly north of the Athabasca Oil Sands. It is the only known nesting site of the endangered whooping cranes. Before the trial commenced in 1992, Parks Canada acquiesced and recognized that the lease was invalid and unauthorized by the provisions of the act. Permits were however still based on being in the park at the time of expansion. Specific harvesting regulations were developed that set up a management framework for Indigenous harvesting but were not based on Rights and set seasons and limits on the number of harvesters eligible. Wood Buffalo National Park is the largest national park in Canada. These smaller culls did not eradicate the diseases, however, and in 1990 a plan was announced to cull the entire herd and restock it with undiseased animals from Elk Island National Park. The land then passed into the hand of the federal government as Crown land. Ranking as the world’s largest dark sky preserve, Wood Buffalo National Park is situated far north in Alberta, near the southern border of the Northwest Territories. The result of these Supreme Court of Canada decisions is that Parks Canada now recognizes the Treaty 8 Right to harvest in the park and the Asserted Rights of the Métis. HSMBC Plaque Ceremony for Francois Beaulieu II (Died 1872) - Photo of the descendants of this founding father of the NWT Metis. It is also the most ecologically complete and largest example of the Great Plains-Boreal grassland ecosystem of North America. Wood Buffalo National Park is a national park and the largest one in Canada.The park is located in northeastern Alberta and southern Northwest Territories.. Commercial flights are available to Fort Smith and Fort Chipewyan from Edmonton. Wood Buffalo National Park – a UNESCO World Heritage Site – is to receive nearly $60-million over the next three years to deal with threats from hydro and oil sands development and climate change. Covering more territory than Switzerland, it sprawls across northeastern Alberta and juts into the southern part of the Northwest Territories. Situated at the junction of three major rivers used as canoe routes for trade — the Athabasca, Peace and the Slave Rivers — the region that later became the national park was well travelled for millennia. This region has been inhabited by human cultures since the end of the last ice age. In 1788 fur trading posts were established at Fort Chipewyan just east of the current boundaries of the park and Fort Vermilion just to the west. Bison hunting was prohibited, and Wood Buffalo Park was established, now Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP). It is located in northeastern Alberta and the southern Northwest Territories.Larger in area than Switzerland, it is the second-largest national park in the world. [18] The mean high in January is −21.7 °C (−7.1 °F) while the mean low is −31.8 °C (−25.2 °F). The herd at the Sweetgrass Station nearby Peace–Athabasca Delta, followed by Slave River Lowlands herd, preserves relatively loyal phenotype to the original wood bison before 1920s, even surpassing the preserved herds at Elk Island National Park and Mackenzie Bison Sanctuary.[31]. The only places free of bison were along the coasts and deserts. Wood Buffalo National Park", "Alberta to allow hunters to kill Hay-Zama bison", "Three oilsands companies surrender land for new Alberta park to be co-managed with First Nations", UN says Canada’s plan to rescue Wood Buffalo National Park needs ‘considerably more effort’, Bob Weber, The Canadian Press, June 13, 2019, Wood Buffalo ‘doomed without quick action’ as UN extends deadline, Cabin Radio, Published: July 3, 2019 Sarah Pruys, "Gotta see it to believe it: Man hunts muskox in northern Alberta", "Wild horses spotted near Wood Buffalo National Park", "World's biggest beaver dam discovered in northern Canada", "Exploring Beaver Habitat and Distribution with Google Earth: The Longest Beaver Dam in the World", "U.S. Explorer Reaches World's Largest Beaver Dam: Adventurer Bushwacks Through Dense Northeast Alberta Boreal Forest", "Wood Buffalo National Park of Canada - How to Get There", "Aerial photos of Wood Buffalo National Park", Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Scandia Eastern Irrigation District Museum, Protected areas of the Northwest Territories, Kluane / Wrangell–St. American white pelicans at Rapids of the Drowned (Slave River), Jack Van Camp, 1989, A Surviving Herd of Endangered Wood Bison at Hook Lake, N.W.T. Alberta's largest springs (by volume, with an estimated discharge rate of eight cubic meters per second), Neon Lake Springs, are located in the Jackfish River drainage. The 44,000-square-kilometre park is Canada’s largest national park and home to one of the largest free-roaming wood bison herds in the world. It was established in 1922 to protect the world's largest herd of free-roaming wood bison, currently estimated at more than 5,000. 24, Alberta: The world's largest dark sky preserve is a Canadian park established to preserve the country's last wood … In 1965, 23 of these bison were relocated to the south side of Elk Island National Park and 300 remain there today as the most genetically pure wood bison remaining. American bison like open plains, savannas, and grasslands. This is the origin of the name of the Peace River which flows through the region: the river became the boundary with the Dane-zaa to the North and the Cree to the South. Cougars, feral horses, and muskoxes have been recorded within and vicinity of the park.[19][20][21][22][23]. They were drawn by the fur trade, not realizing the future that lay within the sticky black sand and pools of bitumen documented in Pond’s Journals. 314-322, C. G Van Zyll de Jong , 1986, A systematic study of recent bison, with particular consideration of the wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads 1898), National Museum of Natural Sciences, "Protected Planet | Wood Buffalo National Park Of Canada", "Heaven Below Me – Exploring Wood Buffalo National Park from the Air", https://www.thechronicleherald.ca/news/canada/more-staff-artificial-flooding-among-plans-to-save-wood-buffalo-national-park-280877/, "Ottawa produces action plan for Wood Buffalo National Park", https://cklbradio.com/feds-have-new-plan-to-preserve-wood-buffalo-national-park/, "Wood Buffalo National Park: Statement of Significance", "RASC Designates Wood Buffalo National Park as a New Dark Sky Preserve", "Northern bison sanctuary or big ranch? [18] Fall tends to have cool, windy and dry days in which the first snowfall usually occurs in October. Situated at the junction of three major rivers used as canoe routes for trade — the Athabasca, Peace and the Slave Rivers — the region that later became the national park was well travelled for millennia. As you may have guessed from its name, the Park was created to protect dwindling wood bison herds. [9], On June 28, 2013, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada designated Wood Buffalo National Park as Canada's newest and the world's largest dark-sky preserve. It has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its large population of bison (largest in North America) and the largest inland delta.. Wood Buffalo National Park is the largest national park of Canada at 44,807 km2 (17,300 sq mi). [13] This plan was abandoned due to a negative public reaction to the announcement. Wood Buffalo National Park, park in northern Alberta and southern Northwest Territories, Canada, between Athabasca and Great Slave lakes. [18] Winters are cold with temperatures that can drop below −40 °C (−40.0 °F) in January and February, the coldest months. This area was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for the biological diversity of the Peace-Athabasca Delta, one of the world's largest freshwater deltas, as well as the population of wild bison. Traditional, subsistence harvesting continues to be an important part of the ecological and cultural identity of Wood Buffalo National Park. Wood Buffalo National Park is the largest National Park of Canada at 44,807 km 2 (17,300 sq mi). This history is reviewed in the first half of the paper, to demonstrate how … The park ranges in elevation from 183 m (600 ft) at the Little Buffalo River to 945 m (3,100 ft) in the Caribou Mountains. At 44,802 sq.km., this is the largest NP in North America and bigger than Switzerland. This provincial park will be closed to forestry and new energy projects, but existing wells in the area can keep producing and traditional indigenous land uses are allowed. National marine conservation areas system, Directory of federal heritage designations, http://www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/nt/woodbuffalo/info/plan/plan1. Wood Buffalo National Park — a UNESCO World Heritage Site — is to receive nearly $60 million over the next three years to consider threats from hydro and oilsands development and climate change. With longstanding concerns about the deterioration of the park, the Mikisew Cree First Nation formally petitioned the UN body in 2014 to have the site listed as … [16] Canada in response announced to fund $27.5 million to solve the problems, but UNESCO questioned and did not lift the potential delisting of the park, and the report by Canada will be reviewed by the World Heritage Committee in 2021. Wood Buffalo National Park is at risk of losing its UNESCO Heritage Status. 1922 to protect the only remaining herd of wood bison. Established in 1972, Buffalo National River flows freely for 135 miles and is one of the few remaining undammed rivers in the lower 48 states. The Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society filed a lawsuit against Parks Canada for violating the National Parks Act. As part of that decision the court recognized that there was an existing right under Treaty 8 to hunt, fish and trap for personal use within the park. The 583 km (225 sq mi) park land now comprises the majority of Canadian Forces Base Wainwright. Following the Klondike Gold Rush of 1897, however, the Canadian government was keen to extinguish Aboriginal title to the land, so that any mineral wealth found in the future could be exploited despite any objections from First Nations. The communities around the park today are mostly made up of Cree, Chipewyan, Metis and non-indigenous people. From the fur trade, the Métis people emerged as another major group in the region. The Cree, by contrast, are an Algonquian people and are thought to have migrated here from the east within the timeframe of recorded history. Over 200 years ago, Peter Pond and the Voyagers of the Northwest Trading Company traveled through this area in search of furs and discovered land of wild water, lush forests and abundant wildlife. Understand [] History [] Landscape [] Climate []. Straddling the province of Alberta and the Northwest Territories, Canada’s largest park–five times the size of Yellowstone National Park–was established in 1922 to protect the free-roaming buffalo herds. [12] Parks officials have since that time attempted to undo this damage with successive culls of diseased animals. Known as Whooping Crane Summer Range, it is classified as a Ramsar site. In 1957, however, a disease-free, relatively pure wood bison herd of 200 was discovered near Nyarling river. The Dane-zaa, Chipewyan, and South Slavey speak (or spoke) languages from the Northern Athabaskan family, which is also common in the regions to the north and west of the park, and call themselves the "Dene" collectively.
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