Below average rainfall over the southern half of Australia around the middle of the year is a reflection of this pattern. Seventh-driest April–October on record for the South West Land Division. Fire risk has increased across the state. Accumulated heat led to very widespread coral bleaching across the Reef. Rainfall for the year was below average for parts of southeastern and east coast Queensland, the west and southwest of Western Australia, and western Tasmania. Suite 2 Level 10 70 Pitt Street Sydney NSW 2000 8:30am to 5:00pm Mon to Fri, This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/annual/aus/#tabs=Rainfall, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer, https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Australia-such-a-dry-continent-when-it-is-so-further-south-than-its-counterparts, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atacama_Desert, https://www.britannica.com/science/subtropical-high, http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/updates/articles/a008-el-nino-and-australia.shtml, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drought_in_Australia#Droughts_in_the_19th_century, http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2012/03/floods-10-of-the-deadliest-in-australian-history/, https://theconversation.com/climate-projections-show-australia-is-heading-for-a-much-warmer-future-36776, http://www.southwestnrm.org.au/sites/default/files/uploads/ihub/hughes-l-2003climate-change-and-australia-trends-projection.pdf, https://www.csiro.au/en/Research/OandA/Areas/Oceans-and-climate/Climate-change-information. The hardest hit areas were to the west of Geelong. Several datasets have been developed from this archive to identify, monitor and attribute changes in the Australian climate. This is the subsequent phase of the El Niño phenomenon, which was discussed earlier as the natural warming of the ocean. Throughout the year, there are 116.9 rainfall days, and 1006.6mm (39.6") of precipitation is accumulated. Use of the 1961–1990 base period for reporting anomalies follows international conventions set by the World Meteorological Organization. Above average rainfall in the Kimberley was largely a result of tropical systems during December, whereas in New South Wales the contributions was spread more across the year, mostly during February to April and August to October, as well as from a wet December. The southern half of the continent—particularly southern parts of Western Australia and South Australia, and January is the hottest and wettest month of the year in Australia as the reverse seasonal cycle peaks during the summer in the southern hemisphere. Average monthly Rainfall, Sunshine, Temperatures. The Dampier weather radar sustained significant damage, and Karratha Airport recorded a 194 km/h wind gust on the 8th—its highest gust in 17 years of wind observations. To put these projected increases in context: the average temperature in Australia has increased by 0.9° over the past century, since around 1910. A coastal low during mid-December produced prolonged heavy rainfall, flooding, and significant coastal erosion in parts of northeast New South Wales and southeast Queensland. 2020 confirmed as one of Earth's warmest years on record 15:37 EDT The most severe Australian flood on record occurred in Gundagai, NSW, as far back as 1852, which took the lives of 89 people 11. After months of severe restrictions, Australians are allowed to resume domestic flights. ©Bureau of Meteorology Northern wet season (October–April) rainfall deciles for the last 20 years (2000–01 to 2019–20). Summer (December – February) During summer, average temperatures range from 18.6 - 25.8°C (65.5 - 78.4°F), and average humidity spikes to 65%. With over 70 percent of its land classified as arid or semi-arid, Australia is considered the driest inhabited continent in the world. Broadly, Australia can be divided into 2 seasonal rainfall regimes: the north and the south. However, rainfall for the northern wet season was lower than average in both 2018–19 and 2019–20. June experienced the least rain in 2017, and had an average rainfall of about 60% less than the June average (between 1961 – 1990). According to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as Cfa. Mean minimum temperatures were the fourth-warmest on record at 1.05 °C above average. The speed and volume of runoff was likely to have increased due to the lack of vegetation. A strong cold front brought a band of thunderstorms, accompanied by lightning and winds in excess of 100 km/h to southern central Victoria in the early hours of 20 May. Australia's climate is governed mostly by its size and by the hot, sinking air of the subtropical high pressure belt (subtropical ridge). As one moves further north/north-east the rainfall levels increase very slightly, but only into the … This sometimes results in Northern Australia being subject to severe tropical cyclones, resulting in serious flooding. This was 244mm above average. It was the coolest May since 2011, and the first month since October 2016 where Australia's national mean temperature was below average for the month. Spring as a whole was also the warmest on record for Australia in terms of national mean temperature. Nights were especially warm in Sydney, Darwin, Hobart, Canberra, and Brisbane. In 2019, Tasmaina received the highest annual rainfall of any state or territory in Australia at an average of 1298.3 millimeters. Rainfall deciles map legend lowest on record; 1 very much below average; 2–3 below average; 4–7 average ; … By the end of 2020, Darwin's water storages had dropped to their lowest levels in 10 years. We also have comparison graphs and tables showing Perth rainfall for the past 4 years. This statement has been prepared using the homogenised Australian temperature dataset (ACORN-SAT) for area-averaged temperature values and the observational datasets. While January is normally the wettest month in Australia, in 2017 it experienced an estimated 63% more rain than the average rainfall in January between the years 1961 – 1990. South Australia - South Australia - Climate: South Australia is the driest of the Australian states. They were in the highest 10% of historical observations for most of Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and Queensland away from the southwest. Below is an interactive rainfall map of Australia that allows you to click through into each city and town to learn the average mm of rainfall per year, as well as the average number of rainfall days per year. For the country as a whole, it was the fourth-wettest December on record. Annual rainfall close to average for Victoria, and well above average for Melbourne. All values in this statement were compiled from data available on the issue date. For example average yield nationally in 2002-3 was 0.91 t/ha, whereas in 2011-12 it was more than double that at 2.14 t/ha (Table 1). More than 100 houses were severely damaged, as thunderstorms produced a tornado with winds estimated to be in excess of 150 km/h. As far as a prediction goes for 2090, it’s again unclear whether there will be an increase or decrease in rainfall, but significant changes in either direction are possible 17. Annual mean temperatures for 2020 were above average for the majority of Australia, with close to average annual mean temperatures for parts of eastern South Australia, and the west of Victoria and New South Wales. Mean minimum temperatures were particularly warm, coming in 0.45 °C above the previous record in spring 1998. This heat rises (as heat does), and forms clouds in the air, resulting in increased rainfall. Penrith Lakes reached 48.9 °C on 4 January, the highest temperature ever recorded in the Sydney Basin. On Christmas Day, a 40 per cent chance of rain is expected with south to southeasterly winds of up to 15 to 20 km/h. Flash flooding and riverine flooding affected parts of southeast and inland Queensland and inland and coastal areas of New South Wales, extending into the second half of the month. SSTs were up to two degrees cooler than average in some areas of the eastern equatorial Pacific in September and in the central equatorial Pacific from October to December. Rainfall for the year was below to very much below average for some parts of Australia, including in southeastern Queensland, the west and southwest of Western Australia, and western Tasmania. See Special Climate Statement Extreme heat and fire weather in December 2019 and January 2020. ... Average monthly precipitation over the year (rainfall, snow) 3. Find the best time to go to Darwin (Northern Territory). Port Hedland Airport exceeded its previous August record (36.8 °C) on 7 out of 90 days between the 23rd and 31st; Marble Bar exceeded its previous August record (38 °C) on 6 consecutive days between the 24th and 29th; and Telfer Aero exceeded its previous August record (36.2 °C) on 6 consecutive days between the 24th and 29th. One of the driest areas in Australia however, is Birdsville in Queensland. On the 31st giant hail up to 14 cm in diameter was reported along a path through the southern outskirts of Brisbane from Amberley to the northern suburbs of Logan, giant hail up to 7 cm around Gatton and Gympie. With most of Australia's major climate drivers neutral during late summer and autumn, it is likely that a north–south temperature gradient in the Indian Ocean, with surface waters in the tropics much warmer than average, contributed to the higher number of northwest cloudbands that affected Australia. Storms also affected the Sydney region, with more than 4000 insurance claims arising from strong winds, lightning, and hail in the Sutherland Shire and northern beaches. Estimates of insured losses across Canberra, Melbourne, and Sydney had reached $320m in damage shortly after the event. Widespread severe weather resulted over much of the west of Western Australia between the 24th and 26th, including strong and gusty winds, abnormally high tides and storm surges. The role of climate change is further discussed in State of the Climate 2020. This location is classified as Cfb by Köppen and Geiger. The atmospheric CO2 level, measured at Cape Grim, Tasmania, was 410.6 parts per million (ppm) by the end of 2020, an increase of 2.1 ppm for the year. Flash and riverine flooding occurred in Gold Coast hinterland in southeast Queensland, and in the Tweed, Clarence, Richmond/Wilsons and Bellinger rivers in New South Wales. Storages in the northern Basin remained below 25% capacity at the end of December. Widespread three-day totals in excess of 300 mm were observed in areas of the Gold Coast Hinterland and New South Wales' Northern Rivers and Mid North Coast districts, with the highest being 918.0 mm at Upper Springbrook Alert over 13 to 15 December (including 475.0 mm in the 24 hours to 9 am on 13 December). This data set can be viewed in a cleaner format here. Following further rainfall around mid-February, all fires in New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania were declared contained by the end of February. Plan ahead with this information on weather and rainfall in Australia’s capital cities. Three tropical cyclones reached severe (category 3). The centre of South Australia is extremely dry, receiving as little as 100 – 200 ml per year. The north coast, where most of the population resides, is the driest place on the island with around 700mm per year. Precipitation here is about 1309 mm | 51.5 inch per year. Extreme heat affected northern Western Australia and the Top End of the Northern Territory during August and September. Thirty five percent of the catchment was burnt by bushfires during 2019–20. The last days of 2019 and first days of 2020 saw particularly hazardous fire weather, with further significant fires igniting while existing fires experienced renewed flares, as heatwave conditions continued into early January. Australia's area-averaged mean temperature for 2020 was 1.15 °C above the 1961–1990 average. The desert town experiences only 10 days of rainfall per year. Sydney's climate is classified as warm and temperate. La Niña tends to favour positive SAM and during 2020 the polar vortex over Antarctica was the strongest on record during spring, further strengthening the push towards positive SAM. For eastern South Australia, western Victoria, and southwestern New South Wales annual mean temperatures were close to average. Rainfall was above average for large parts of eastern Australia during February to April. Most rainfall … Outside of the Murray–Darling Basin and the southeastern States water storages experienced a more limited recovery during the year, and in the north and the west of the country water storage levels continued to fall in 2020. Many records were set in Victoria, New South Wales, and Tasmania; mostly on the 31st. Queensland state, a popular holiday destination, allows visitors from the country's two most populous states, New South Wales and Victoria, after closing its borders in August. Some areas also experienced coastal erosion. In the southeast of Australia there has been a decline of around 12 per cent in April to October rainfall since the late 1990s. Rainfall in Australia is highly variable with low average annual rainfall over most of the continent and intense seasonal falls in the tropics. The rainfall pattern is concentric around the extensive arid core of the continent, which in the west and along parts of the Great Australian Bight extends to … 20 heavy rain days per year; in the dry south-west, there are on average only 1 or 2 days heavy rain days each year. January rainfall was above average for much of Western Australia away from the northeast and west coast, owing to tropical systems, including tropical cyclones Blake and Claudia. The interior desert sees its greatest rainfall during spring and summer. Continuing a very warm period in the last days of 2019, the first days of 2020 saw extremely high temperatures across parts of southeastern Australia in northerly winds driven by a cold front and trough (see Special Climate Statement 73 – Extreme head and fire weather in December 2019 and January 2020). Annual rainfall was above average for large parts of New South Wales and parts of South Australia between the Flinders Ranges and Lake Eyre / Kati Thanda, and also for much of northern and eastern Western Australia, and large parts of the Northern Territory away from the Top End and the far south. It forms part of a natural cycle which involves the warming of the ocean, resulting in decreased rainfall. Drought affected much of eastern Australia early in the year. Strong northerly winds had carried dust from northwest Victoria to southern parts of the State, which resulted in 'mud rain' when the storms came through. Peak wave heights in excess of 8 m were reported in the southwest, with significant beach erosion and coastal inundation at multiple locations including the Perth Metro area, Mandurah, Albany, Dunsborough, Port Geographe, Kalbarri, Geraldton, and Carnarvon. But for the next 10 – 15 years, it’s said that variability in rainfall changes will be more likely than a set change in either direction 18. January to November rainfall for 2020 was seven per cent below average. A tropical low tracked west across the Kimberley in Western Australia during the first week of February, before developing into tropical cyclone Damien on the 6th while northwest of Broome. The average annual temperature in Melbourne is 14.8 °C | 58.6 °F. All fires were contained by the end of February. February is usually the hottest month of the year, with temperatures averaging 31°C/88°F. Widespread rainfall on 20 and 22 January helped reduce the number of uncontained bushfires. December to February is summer; March to May is autumn; June to August is winter; and September to November is spring. Hail up to 5.5 cm in diameter was observed in Glen Iris, and between 3 and 5 cm in a band across the eastern and inner southeastern suburbs of Melbourne. Rainfall has increased across most of northern Australia since the 1970s. Ex-tropical cyclone Mangga combined with an upper level trough and strong cold front while approaching Western Australia on 24 May. Fires in eastern Australia, which significantly increased in activity over the New Year period, produced widespread thick smoke with poor air quality affecting large areas for a number of days, particularly during the first half of the month. Total storage volume in the southern Murray–Darling Basin typically decreases until late April as this is the period when the bulk of downriver releases occur, and inflows are on average lower. This data was gathered from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology on their page here, which links to this data set. A strong cold front which crossed Victoria on 3 April brought a sharp decrease in temperatures and considerable rainfall to parts of Victoria and the southeast between the evening of the 3rd and 5th. In this process, the moisture in the air is lost and it warms due to a phenomenon known as compressional heating. What is the weather like in Sydney? Much of the continent is dominated by the influence of dry, sinking air of the sub-tropical The most common cause of floods in Australia is extreme rainfall, which can be caused by the La Niña phenomenon which is the natural cooling of the ocean, resulting in heavy and above average rainfall. December saw cooler than average temperatures over large areas of the northwest and Central Australia as tropical lows during the middle third of the month brought heavy rain and cooler temperatures stretching from the Pilbara and Kimberley into South Australia. Flooding during March occurred on already elevated river levels in tributaries of the Lake Eyre and Murray–Darling basins. Buoys offshore of southeast Queensland observed waves reaching up to 10 m in height, and an 11 m maximum wave height at the Brisbane Buoy, with waves reaching up to 5 m inshore. All years since 2013 have been amongst the ten warmest on record for Australia. It’s easy to see that coastal areas are exposed to much heavier rainfalls, while the central desert regions in South Australia and Western Australia are far dryer. The strength of the La Niña increased again by the end of the November, and reached moderate to strong levels in December. This was in addition to the existing multi-year rainfall deficiencies in the region for the period commencing in early 2018. After more than a decade of warmer than average years, 2020 was Greater Adelaide's coolest year since 2003. Damien intensified to a severe system (category 3) before making landfall over the Karratha and Dampier region in the afternoon of the 8th. Heavy rain and strong winds resulted in flooded roads, fallen trees, and damage to buildings; the State Emergency Service responded to more than 400 calls for help. Generally, the north is hot and tropical, while the climate of the southern coastal regions is "Mediterranean" with hot dry summers and cool mild wet winters. Strong winds were observed, including gusts in excess of 100 km/h at exposed coastal locations like Byron Bay. In this region of subtropical high pressures, the air that forms around the equator rises higher than usual, before eventually lowering again. In eastern New South Wales major flooding occurred on the Orara, Hawkesbury/Nepean, and Georges rivers. This section also experiences extreme heat and dangerous UV index levels, along with periods of drought. 2. Additionally, large areas of Western Australia saw very little rain during April to July, and short-term rainfall deficiencies emerged across much of southwest Western Australia starting from April. This is the third mass bleaching event to affect the reef in five years. On 14 January, Victoria had the worst air quality in the world as smoke from the East Gippsland fires spread. Of these years, 2010 was exceptional: the total of 1,112mm was 585mm above average (exceeded only in 1956 with 1,130mm). Precipitation here is about 1309 mm | 51.5 inch per year. Broadly, Australia can be divided into 2 seasonal rainfall regimes: the north and the south. Months with the highest UV index in Gold Coast, Australia, are January , February and December , with an average maximum UV index of 12 . September was a warm month for all of Australia, with both mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures very much warmer than average over much of the continent. According to projections made by the Bureau of Meteorology in 2015, Australia is expected to see an increase in average temperature of between 0.6° and 1.7° Celsius by the year 2090, under the assumption of a great reduction in the global emission of greenhouse gases 12. Above average annual SSTs have been observed for the Australian region for every year since 1995, and have been persistently high for the past decade. This was however to a much smaller extent. Reference: Johnson, K. (1992), The AUSMAP Atlas of Australia. Concentrations of all the major long-lived greenhouse gases in the atmosphere continued to rise in 2020 despite a temporary slow-down in global fossil fuel emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) during early 2020 associated with the COVID–19 pandemic. During July and August much of the north and east of the Indian Ocean basin, including waters to the northwest of Australia, were warmer than average. Severe drought affected large parts of the country. The Dampier weather radar sustained significant damage, and Karratha Airport recorded its highest wind gust in 17 years of wind observations (194 km/h on 8 February). Farther away from Australia, SSTs were warmest on record in an area to the east of Papua New Guinea covering the Bismarck and Solomon seas and extending towards Fiji, and also warmest on record in parts of the Southern Ocean adjacent to eastern Antarctica. In climatology a baseline, or long-term average, is required against which to compare changes in climate over time. 2020 was Australia's fourth-warmest year on record, with the annual national mean temperature 1.15 °C above average. Annual mean minimum temperatures were also above average for much of the country, but close to average for eastern South Australia, northwestern Victoria, and southwestern New South Wales. It is common for mean maximum temperatures to be very much warmer than average over most of Australia during periods of low rainfall during the cooler months of the year, while mean minimum temperatures are cooler than average in the inland southeast. Average Weather in Sydney Australia. Rather, varied changes across different regions are expected, as will be explained in more detail. Storms resulted in significant coastal erosion in west coast Western Australia during May. Australia’s average rainfall total in 2019 was 277 millimetres, the lowest since records began in 1900 and about 40 per cent below normal. Western Queensland experienced renewed heavy rain and flooding in the Georgina, Diamantina, Bulloo, Paroo, and Warrego rivers and the Cooper Creek catchment. The 1961–1990 period is used globally as it coincides with consistent national temperature records observations and allows comparison across countries. The extreme heat continued into the first days of December. Only the south-east and south-west corners have a temper… Temperature poster. Following Australia's driest year on record in 2019, at the start of 2020 there were significant multi-year rainfall deficiencies across much of Australia. Since records began in 1881 there have only been 5 other years when rainfall at Bray Park fell below 1000mm: Rainfall during February assisted in the management of bushfires which had been burning in some areas of eastern Australia since late 2019. Indonesia ranked second for average rainfall in depth > mm per year amongst Emerging … A Color Coded Australia Average Annual Climate Precipitation Map, with Yearly Average Inches of Rainfall. December 2019 had been marked by extreme heat and dangerous fire weather conditions. In Victoria snow blanketed parts of the southwest and central highlands, and fell to lower levels in some areas, including at Mount Macedon, the Otway Ranges, Ballarat, Lismore, Ararat, and Mortlake. View Perth rainfall data for today, this month and the current year. Although going further up North in Queensland, areas in Bamaga and Weipa are subject to much heavier rainfall, with about 75 rainfall days per year. Accumulated heat in waters east of Queensland led to a mass coral bleaching event, with very widespread bleaching detected across the Great Barrier Reef. The driest year on record at Bray Park was 2019, with only 716.7mm of rain recorded (less than half the average of 1571mm). While the long-term trend line suggest annual rainfall has been rising in southern Australia between 1900 and 2019, average rainfall during the wet season was 246.07mm — 4 per … Water storages in the southern Murray–Darling Basin increased significantly during 2020, but northern Basin water storage levels remained low. They were in the highest 10% of historical observations for most of Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland, and along the coast of New South Wales and far eastern Victoria. La Niña became established during September, and reached moderate strength by the end of the year. Although in 2017, average rainfall in Tasmania was 15% below average when compared to the mean average rainfall in Tasmania from 1961 – 1990 2. For the southern Australian region (south of 26°S) May–July rainfall was the seventh-lowest on record compared to all May–July periods since 1900. 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