Ideally, it will have a new combination of attributes which are significantly better than the varieties already available. Food Production Service Jobs: Career Options and Requirements, Food Production Supervisor: Job Description and Requirements, Become a Food Production Manager: Step-by-Step Career Guide, How to Become a Food Manufacturing Production Supervisor, Food Production Management Education and Training Program Info, Become a Plant Breeding Technician: Education and Career Roadmap, Sustainable Food Systems Master's Programs, Human Evolutionary Biology Master's Programs, ERP Project Manager: Salary, Job Description & Responsibilities, Bedford, Massachusetts Education and City Information, Middle School Endorsement in North Dakota, Interior Design Education Top School with Degrees in Interior Design - Philadelphia PA, Plant Breeding in Food Production: Definition, Methods & Examples, Human Digestion, Respiration, Circulation & Excretion Systems, Human Muscular, Skeletal & Nervous Systems, Understanding Elements & the Periodic Table, AP EAMCET AM (Agriculture & Medical) Flashcards, Middle School Physical Science: Homeschool Curriculum, AP Environmental Science: Homeschool Curriculum, NY Regents Exam - Chemistry: Test Prep & Practice, NY Regents Exam - Earth Science: Test Prep & Practice, NY Regents Exam - Physics: Test Prep & Practice, Finding the Divergence of a Vector Field: Steps & How-to. flashcard sets, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Eventually the artificial selection produced kale, which has had enlarged leaves selected from wild mustard. Grafting technology had been practiced in China before 2000 BCE. Sleper and Poehlman. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree. [5], By 500 BCE grafting was well established and practiced.[6]. Millet is now resistant to drought, and can grow in harsh, acidic soil. You walk on toward the cereal aisle, where you pick up a box for breakfast. The crops we grow feed the cows, too, which make the milk we drink. [24][25], Plant breeding can contribute to global food security as it is a cost-effective tool for increasing nutritional value of forage and crops. Wheat hybrids were bred to increase the crop production of Italy during the so-called "Battle for Grain" (1925–1940). Some desirable traits are incorporated to produce a new variety. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to methods that make use of knowledge of genetics and chromosomes, to more complex molecular techniques (see cultigen and cultivar). Additional Notes. This has been achieved through not only the use of fertilisers, but through the use of better crops that have been specifically designed for the area. Heritability in Plant Breeding. These early breeding techniques resulted in large yield increase in the United States in the early 20th century. Not sure what college you want to attend yet? There have been instances where plants bred using classical techniques have been unsuitable for human consumption, for example the poison solanine was unintentionally increased to unacceptable levels in certain varieties of potato through plant breeding. One way to reach this goal is to cross cultivars with different advantageous traits. Over the years scientists have selected millet plants with these traits and bred them to produce more valuable offspring. The question of whether breeding can have a negative effect on nutritional value is central in this respect. For agriculture to thrive in the future, changes must be made to address arising global issues. These four species were cultivated from wild mustard through artificial selection. Scientists subjected sugarcane to mutation breeding by exposing the crops to gamma radiation. [3] This produced several varieties that are resistant to brown rust, making crop yield more efficient. Induced polyploidy, and the addition or removal of chromosomes using a technique called chromosome engineering may also be used.
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